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Hyperemesis gravidarum complicated by Wernicke encephalopathy: REFERENCES background buy 2 mg hytrin visa blood pressure 5080, case report hytrin 2 mg overnight delivery arteria femoralis communis, and review of the literature generic hytrin 1mg line arrhythmia during stress test. Hyperemesis during pregnancy and delivery risk in hyperemesis gravidarum purchase hytrin 1mg on line heart arrhythmia xanax. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod 1641–5 Biol 1987;26:291–302 2. Sex ratio and twinning in women pregnancy ideal weight : height ratio in women with with hyperemesis or pre-eclampsia. Complete molar hyperemesis gravidarum requiring hospital admission pregnancy: clinical trends at King Fahad Hospital, during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2006;107:277–84 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Relationship between 43:11–13 vitamin use, smoking, and nausea and vomiting of preg- 21. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003;82:916–20 emesis gravidarum: is an ultrasound scan necessary? Nausea and Reprod 2006;21:2440–2 vomiting in pregnancy in relation to prolactin, estro- 22. Hyperemesis gens, and progesterone: a prospective study. Obstet gravidarum: epidemiologic features, complications and Gynecol 2003;101:639–44 outcome. Is lower socio– 135–8 economic status a risk factor for Helicobacter pylori infec- 23. Hyperemesis tion in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987;156:1137–41 giber officinale Roscoe) and the gingerols inhibit the 24. Maternal nutritional growth of Cag A+ strains of Helicobacter pylori. Anticancer effects and severe hyperemesis gravidarum: a predictor Res 2003;23:3699–702 of fetal outcome. Am J ObstetGynecol 1989;160:906–9 50 Hyperemesis Gravidarum 25. The safety of drugs for the treatment Resnik R, eds. Expert Opin Drug Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders, 1999; 964–95 Saf 2007;6:685–94 26. Van Stuijevenberg E, Schabort I, Labadarios D, et al. Pregnancy outcome The nutritional status and treatment of patients with following first trimester exposure to antihistamines: hyperemesis gravidarum. Nausea and vomiting gravidarum: effectiveness and predictors of rehospitali- of pregnancy. Secular trends encephalopathy with hyperemesis and ketoacidosis. Am J Peri- Obstet Gynecol 2006;107:486–90 natol 2008; 25:141–7 29. The safety of meto- cated by Wernicke’s encephalopathy. Obstet Gynecol clopramide use in the first trimester of pregnancy. Examining the toler- Acta Med Indones 2004;41:99–104 ability of the non-sedating antihistamine desloratadine: a 31. Physiological and pathological aspects of prescription-event monitoring study in England. Drug the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on the Saf 2009;32:169–79 thyroid. Diseases of the liver, biliary system, and pan- cohort study. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders, tive therapy for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a 1999;1054–81 randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Hyperamylasemia in bulimia Obstet Gynecol 1991;78:33–6 nervosa and hyperemesis gravidarum. Pyri- 1999;26:223–7 doxine for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a rando- 34. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: a mized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J review of the problem with particular regard to psycho- Obstet Gynecol 1995;173:881–4 logical and social aspects. A placebo-controlled trial of oral 102:6–8 pyridoxine in hyperemesis gravidarum. Psychological factors in the Invest 2009;67:151–7 etiology and treatment of severe nausea and vomiting in 54. Use and safety of antipsychotic health in early pregnancy: relationship with nausea and drugs during pregnancy. The Hyper- methylprednisolone in the treatment of hyperemesis emesis Impact of Symptoms Questionnaire: develop- gravidarum: a randomized, double-blind, controlled ment and validation of a clinical tool. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:921–4 2010;47:67–77 57. Day-case management dose of prednisolone in the treatment of hyperemesis of hyperemesis gravidarum: feasibility and clinical effi- gravidarum. Treatment for double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of corticosteroids hyperemesis gravidarum in the home: an alternative to for the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. Pulsed steroid esis gravidarum: home care implications. Home Healthc therapy is an effective treatment for intractable hyper- Nurse 2009;27:347–51 emesis gravidarum. Teratogenic potential of cortico- cutaneous metoclopramide therapy for hyperemesis steroids in humans. Bendectin and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-induced birth defects: I. A meta–analysis of the epidemiologic nausea and vomiting. Eur J Obstet Am Fam Physician 2003;8:121–8 Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991;38:19–24 51 GYNECOLOGY FOR LESS-RESOURCED LOCATIONS 63. Wernicke’s encephalopathy and nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: randomized, central pontine myelinolysis associated with hypereme- double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. Effect of a ginger ex- ciation with severe hyperemesis gravidarum.

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Handley DA discount 5 mg hytrin with amex blood pressure bottom number is high, Tinkelman D hytrin 5mg low price pulse pressure 28, Noonan M generic hytrin 2 mg online hypertension grades, Rollins TE purchase hytrin 5mg overnight delivery pulse pressure over 80, Snider ME, Caron J. Dose-response evaluation of levalbuterol versus racemic albuterol in patients with asthma. Levalbuterol versus racemic albuterol in the treatment of acute exacerbation of asthma in children. Quick-relief medications for asthma Page 60 of 113 Final Report Update 1 Drug Effectiveness Review Project 52. Lotvall J, Palmqvist M, Arvidsson P, Maloney A, Ventresca GP, Ward J. The therapeutic ratio of R-albuterol is comparable with that of RS-albuterol in asthmatic patients. Low-dose levalbuterol in children with asthma: safety and efficacy in comparison with placebo and racemic albuterol. Improved bronchodilation with levalbuterol compared with racemic albuterol in patients with asthma. Nowak RM, Emerman CL, Schaefer K, Disantostefano RL, Vaickus L, Roach JM. Levalbuterol compared with racemic albuterol in the treatment of acute asthma: results of a pilot study. Pleskow WW, Nelson HS, Schaefer K, Claus R, Roach JM. Pairwise comparison of levalbuterol versus racemic albuterol in the treatment of moderate-to-severe asthma. Qureshi F, Zaritsky A, Welch C, Meadows T, Burke BL. Clinical efficacy of racemic albuterol versus levalbuterol for the treatment of acute pediatric asthma. Ramsay CM, Cowan J, Flannery E, McLachlan C, Taylor DR. Bronchoprotective and bronchodilator effects of single doses of (S)-salbutamol, (R)-salbutamol and racemic salbutamol in patients with bronchial asthma. Skoner DP, Greos LS, Kim KT, Roach JM, Parsey M, Baumgartner RA. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of levalbuterol in 2-5-year-old patients with asthma. Long-term safety study of levalbuterol administered via metered-dose inhaler in patients with asthma. Evaluation of levalbuterol metered dose inhaler in pediatric patients with asthma: a double-blind, randomized, placebo- and active-controlled trial. Clinical comparison of albuterol, isoetharine, and metaproterenol given by aerosol inhalation. Berkowitz R, Schwartz E, Bukstein D, Grunstein M, Chai H. Albuterol protects against exercise-induced asthma longer than metaproterenol sulfate. Controlled comparison of the bronchodilator effects of three beta-adrenergic stimulant drugs administered by inhalation to patients with asthma. Bronchodilator and cardiac effects of isoprenaline, orciprenaline, and salbutamol aerosols in asthma. Utilization of acute bronchodilator responses in stable COPD to predict the relative efficacy of individual agents. Quick-relief medications for asthma Page 61 of 113 Final Report Update 1 Drug Effectiveness Review Project 68. Clinical efficacy of two beta 2- sympathicomimetics in different inhalers in children with asthma. Comparison of pirbuterol in a breath-actuated inhaler and salbutamol in a customary metered-dose inhaler. Comparison of terbutaline and salebutamol aerosols in patients with bronchial asthma. Comparison of terbutaline and salbutamol inhalation in children with mild or moderate acute exacerbation of asthma. Comparison of the acute effects of salbutamol and terbutaline on heart rate variability in adult asthmatic patients. Comparison of salbutamol powder with terbutaline aerosol administered with a tube spacer in asthmatic children. Evaluation of different nebulized bronchodilators on clinical efficacy and hypokalemia in asthmatic children. Bricanyl (R) Turbuhaler (R) and Ventolin rho Rotahaler (R) in exercise-induced asthma in children. Malinen A, Hedman J, Koskela T, Silvasti M, Toivanen P. Salbutamol via Easyhaler(TM) produces equivalent bronchodilation to terbutaline via Turbuhaler(TM) following inhalation of a single dose of equipotent beta -sympathomimetic. A clinical comparison of terbutaline with albuterol administered by metered-dose inhaler. Comparison of Bricanyl Turbuhaler and Ventolin Rotahaler in children with asthma. Treatment of acute bronchoconstriction in children with use of a tube spacer aerosol and a dry powder inhaler. Bronchodilator effects of salbutamol powder administered via Rotahaler and of terbutaline aerosol administered via Misthaler. Comparison between Bricanyl Turbuhaler and Ventolin metered dose inhaler in the treatment of exercise-induced asthma in adults. Comparison of the acceptability of the Ventolin metered-dose inhaler and the Bricanyl Turbuhaler. A comparison of the effects of different methods of administration of beta-2-sympathomimetics in patients with asthma. Wraight JM, Smith AD, Cowan JO, Flannery EM, Herbison GP, Taylor DR. Adverse effects of short-acting beta-agonists: potential impact when anti-inflammatory therapy is inadequate. Quick-relief medications for asthma Page 62 of 113 Final Report Update 1 Drug Effectiveness Review Project 84. Salo D, Tuel M, Lavery RF, Reischel U, Lebowitz J, Moore T. A randomized, clinical trial comparing the efficacy of continuous nebulized albuterol (15 mg) versus continuous nebulized albuterol (15 mg) plus ipratropium bromide (2 mg) for the treatment of acute asthma. Randomized controlled trial of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol versus salbutamol alone in children with acute exacerbation of asthma. Nebulized salbutamol vs salbutamol and ipratropium combination in asthma. Comparison of nebulized ipratropium bromide with salbutamol vs salbutamol alone in acute asthma exacerbation in children.

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Dalteparin for the prevention of aspirin alone in women with recurrent miscarriage order hytrin 1 mg fast delivery blood pressure medication used to treat adhd. Aspirin or anticoagulants for treating recurrent miscarriage in women 38 purchase hytrin 1 mg without prescription hypertension with ckd. Enoxaparin for the secondary without antiphospholipid syndrome buy discount hytrin 1 mg online blood pressure explanation. Addition of enoxaparin to aspirin trimester Miscarriage discount hytrin 1mg line pre hypertension lifestyle changes. London: Royal for the secondary prevention of placental vascular complications in College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; 2011. Recurrent Early-Onset Preeclampsia in women with Inheritable Throm- 31. Heparin treatment in antiphospho- bophilia: the FRUIT-RCT. Bemiparin versus low dose aspirin for management of tive, randomized, multicenter, controlled clinical trial. Thromboprophylaxis versus no antepartum dalteparin for the prevention of pregnancy for recurrent miscarriage in women with or without thrombophilia. High incidence of heparin- low-dose aspirin in women with one fetal loss and a constitutional induced allergic delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in pregnancy. Powell1 1Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA Hemophilia is a genetic disease caused by a deficiency of one of the coagulation proteins. The term usually refers to either hemophilia A, factor VIII (FVIII), with an incidence of 1 in 5000 male births, or hemophilia B, factor IX (FIX), with an incidence of 1 in 30 000 male births. When severe, the disease leads to spontaneous life-threatening bleeding episodes. Current therapy requires frequent intravenous infusions of therapeutic factor concentrates. Most patients administer the infusions at home every few days and must limit their physical activities to avoid bleeding when the factor activity levels are below normal. In March 2014, a new therapeutic FIX preparation was approved for clinical use in Canada and the United States and, in June 2014, a new FVIII preparation was approved for clinical use in the United States. Over the next couple of years, other new factor products for FIX, FVIIa, and FVIII, which are currently in late stages of clinical trials, will likely also be approved. These new factors have been engineered to extend their half-life in circulation, thus providing major therapeutic advances for patients with hemophilia primarily by allowing treatment with fewer infusions per month. In the clinical trials so far, 500 patients have successfully used these extended half-life products regularly for 1 year to prevent spontaneous bleeding, to treat successfully any bleeding episodes, and to provide effective coagulation for major surgery. Essentially all infusions were well tolerated and effective. These promising new therapies should allow patients to use fewer infusions to maintain appropriate clotting factor activity levels in all clinical settings. The term usually refers to either promising success in gene therapy for hemophilia B, a cure for hemophilia A, factor VIII (FVIII), or hemophilia B, FIX deficiency. Therefore, improved factor The incidence of hemophilia A is the same in all geographic regions, 1 preparations are needed. When severe, defined as clotting activity 1%, patients are at risk Various methods are in development to improve the treatment of for spontaneous, life threatening bleeding episodes. The different approaches, including the use of moderate hemophilia, between 1% and 5% clotting activity, or with bioengineered coagulation factors, can be summarized in 4 groups, mild hemophilia will usually suffer abnormal bleeding only after efforts to extend the half-life (t1/2) of FVIII, FIX, or FVIIa and other minor trauma or surgery. Each group will be When untreated, patients with severe hemophilia have a short life discussed separately. As the first extended t1/2 factor product expectancy of 20 years but, over the past several decades, the 2,3 approved for clinical use, eftrenonacog alfa (FIXFc) will be clinical management for hemophilia has improved dramatically. As few as only 1 or 2 States for clinical use in children and adults with hemophilia B. The bleeding episodes in a single joint can initiate the process of protein is composed of a single molecule of recombinant FIX inflammation, leading to synovitis and chronic joint damage or covalently fused to the dimeric Fc (fragment crystallizable) domain hemophilic arthropathy. Shown are expected FIX activity after doses (50 IU/kg body weight) of rFIXFc or rFIX administered intravenously at time 0 hours and followed for the specified intervals. The immediate postdose recovery giving a FIX activity level of 50%is as expected for both the short-acting rFIX and the extended t1/2 rFIXFc. The red line indicates the hours when the FIX activity level is 2% in this individual after taking the short-acting rFIX, and thus when he would be at risk of bleeding. Although the lines represent 1 individual’s experience with the 2 different FIX preparations, the vertical lines represent the range of FIX activity levels for most persons with hemophilia. The IgG constant region (Fc) has been back to the surface and released at neutral pH, thereby escaping molecularly engineered to create fusion proteins that prolong the degradation by the lysosome. Although Fc fusions are typically circulating t1/2 of Fc fusion–based drugs used clinically (eg, expressed as homodimers formed through a disulfide bond, this etanercept, romiplostim) and others in development. FIX, FVIIa, or B-domain-deleted FVIII, with secretion as the dimeric Fc molecule with one molecule of clotting protein, was With Fc fusion proteins, the neonatal Fc receptor interacting with effective and demonstrated increases in plasma t. New factor products for hemophilia Factor Modification Clinical benefit/status* FIX rFIX-Fc Fusion to FcIG Approved US and Canada; 3–5 fold increase t1/2 rFIX-FP Fusion to albumin 3–5 fold increase t1/2; phase 3 completed N9-GP 40 kDa PEG on activation peptide Phase 3 completed FVIII rFVIII-Fc Fusion to FcIgG Approved US; 1. Cell lines are grown in serum-free suspension medium in the (www. Purification of rFIXFc monomer is by pants were representative of the general adult population with column chromatography with the use of a protein A capture step and severe hemophilia B (endogenous FIX level of 2 IU/dL or 2% 2 anion exchange steps, Fractogel DEAE and Q Sepharose. The last of normal levels) and were 12 years of age or older. Reflecting ion exchange step involves pseudoaffinity elution19 from a Q different clinical regimens, the study included 4 treatment groups. Sepharose resin with low ionic strength CaCl2 to obtain rFIXFc with Group 1 received weekly dose-adjusted prophylaxis (50 IU of highest specific activity. Group 2 received interval-adjusted Eftrenonacog alfa (FIXFc) demonstrated safety and prolonged prophylaxis (100 IU/kg every 10 days to start) with the interval efficacy in bleeding models compared with rFIX in mice, rats, adjusted as needed as for group 1. Group 3 received treatment as hemophilic dogs, and cynomolgus monkeys. Group 4 received treatment as needed for surgical proce- HEK293H cells. In a subgroup of Group 1 participants, comparative sequen- lation of Asp 64 than did rFIX or pdFIX. Peters et al19 showed that tial pharmacokinetic assessments of rFIX (BeneFIX; Pfizer) and rFIXFc has a 3- to 4-fold longer terminal t1/2 in mice expressing rFIXFc were performed after infusion of a dose of 50 IU/kg and human neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) and beta 2 microglobulin ( 2m) repeated at week 26. The primary efficacy end point was the compared with rFIX, whereas both proteins have similar short annualized bleeding rate and safety end points included the develop- terminal half-lives in mice lacking FcRn (FcRn/ 2m KO).

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